POLONNARUWA – Lankan Backpack

Polonnaruwa

🏛️ Discover the Ancient Glory of Polonnaruwa with Lankan Backpack

Polonnaruwa, located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, is one of the most fascinating and well-preserved ancient cities in the country. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Polonnaruwa was the second capital of Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura and served as a powerful kingdom from the 11th to the 13th century. Today, it stands as a living museum filled with magnificent ruins, Buddhist temples, statues, and monuments that reflect the rich cultural and historical heritage of Sri Lanka.

Whether you're a history lover, a curious explorer, or a spiritual traveler, Polonnaruwa offers an unforgettable journey into the past.

🏰 Historical Background

Polonnaruwa became the capital city when King Vijayabahu I defeated the South Indian Chola invaders in the 11th century and restored Sinhalese rule. Later, during the reign of King Parakramabahu I (1153–1186 AD), the city reached its golden age. He transformed Polonnaruwa into a thriving center of religion, trade, and agriculture.

The king built grand palaces, impressive temples, and an advanced irrigation system that still amazes engineers today. The most famous example is the Parakrama Samudra, a massive man-made reservoir designed to ensure that not a single drop of rainwater would be wasted.

🗺️ Top Attractions in Polonnaruwa

1. Royal Palace Complex

This area includes the ruins of King Parakramabahu’s magnificent palace, believed to have been seven stories high. Although only a few walls remain, they hint at the grand scale of the structure. The nearby Audience Hall features beautifully carved lion figures and a unique stone-paved floor.

2. Gal Vihara

Gal Vihara is one of the most iconic sites in Polonnaruwa. It features four large Buddha statues carved from a single granite rock – a seated Buddha, a standing Buddha, and a reclining Buddha that represents the Buddha's final moments before Nirvana.

3. Vatadage and Quadrangle

This sacred circular structure once housed a relic of the Buddha and is surrounded by beautifully carved guard stones and moonstones. The Quadrangle area is rich with religious monuments and is perfect for understanding the spiritual significance of the kingdom.

4. Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama)

A giant reservoir that still functions today, it reflects the brilliance of ancient Sri Lankan irrigation. It is peaceful and beautiful, often surrounded by water birds, lotus flowers, and scenic views.

5. Lankatilaka Temple

A stunning brick structure with massive walls and a towering statue of the Buddha. The intricate carvings and the scale of the temple reflect the kingdom's devotion to Buddhism and artistry.